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DI02000031 · Semester 2 · 5G scheme

Industrial Chemistry

Notes and solutions following the Gujarat Technological University (GTU) syllabus for DI02000031. Independent material — not issued by the university.

Chemical Engineering

Materials

Syllabus

The official syllabus this material follows.

  • Syllabus

    10 pages

    FreeRead

Complete Book

The whole syllabus, unit by unit, written for the exam.

Syllabus units

Unit 1: Concepts of Organic Chemistry
  • 1.1 The IUPAC System of Nomenclature of Organic Compounds having Functional Groups and simple Substituent groups.
  • 1.2 Alkanes: Reactivity of Alkanes (1o, 2o, 3o), Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Halogenation, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Nitration, Pyrolysis) and Uses.
  • 1.3 Cycloalkanes: Methods of Preparation, Properties (Halogenation, Oxidation) and Uses.
  • 1.4 Alkenes: Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Addition reactions with - Dihydrogen (Hydrogenation), Halogen (Halogenation), Hydrogen halide (Hydrohalogenation - Markovniknov's rule), Sulphuric acid; Oxidation, Ozonolysis, Polymerization) and Uses.
  • 1.5 Alkynes: Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Addition reactions with - Dihydrogen (Hydrogenation), Halogen (Halogenation); Polymerization) and Uses.
Unit 2: Aromatic (Arenes) and Aliphatic Compounds
  • 2.1. Benzene: Structure of Benzene based on Chemical properties, Structure of Benzene based on Physical Properties, Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Nitration, Sulphonation, Chlorination, Bromination, Alkylation, Acetylation, Hydrogenation, Pyrolysis) and Uses.
  • 2.2. Huckel's rule with examples, Concept of Aromaticity/Aromatic characteristics.
  • 2.3. Alkyl halides/Halo alkanes (R-X): Definition, Classification (on the basis of no. of halogen atoms, on the basis of no. of carbon atoms attached to Csp3-X), Methods of Preparation, Chemical Properties (Nucleophilic Substitution reactions (SN2 & SN1) and Elimination reactions) and Uses.
  • 2.4. Alcohols (R-OH): Definition, Classification (on the basis of no. of -OH groups, on the basis of no. of carbon atoms attached to Csp3-OH), Methods of Preparation (Methanol, Ethanol), Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Reaction with Sodium, Oxidation, Esterification, Dehydration) and Uses.
  • 2.5. Phenol: Definition, Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties (Nitration, Halogenation, Kolbe reaction, Reaction with Zinc dust, Oxidation) and Uses.
Unit 3: Phase Rule
  • 3.1. Phase Rule.
  • 3.2. Phase, No. of Phases (P).
  • 3.3. Components, No. of Components (C).
  • 3.4. Degrees of Freedom, No. of degree of freedom (F).
  • 3.5. Phase Diagrams and its Uses.
  • 3.6. Phase Rule for One Component Systems - Water Systems.
  • 3.7. Applications/Merits of Phase Rule.
  • 3.8. Limitations of Phase Rule.
Unit 4: Adsorption and Solutions
  • Adsorption:
  • 4.1. Adsorption and Absorption, Desorption, Sorption with suitable examples.
  • 4.2. Differences between Adsorption and Absorption.
  • 4.3. Types of Adsorption - Physical adsorption, Chemical adsorption.
  • 4.4. Factors influencing Adsorption.
  • 4.5. Adsorption Isotherms - Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
  • 4.6. Applications of Adsorption.
  • Solutions:
  • 4.7. Solutions and Indicators.
  • 4.8. Raoult's Law for a non-volatile solution.
  • 4.9. Ideal solutions and Non-ideal solutions.
  • 4.10. Azeotropic mixture/Azeotropes.
Unit 5: Green Chemistry and Semiconductors
  • Green Chemistry: 5.1. Concept of Green Chemistry.
  • 5.2. Basic Principles of Green Chemistry.
  • 5.3. Examples of Green Synthesis - Synthesis of Adipic acid from Cyclohexene, Synthesis of soluble Polyphenol.
  • 5.4. Advantages of Green Chemistry.
  • 5.5. Green Chemistry in Day-to-day life: In Dry-cleaning of Clothes, In bleaching of paper, Synthesis of Chemicals (Ethanal from Ethene), 'Green Solution' to Clean Turbid Water.
  • 5.6. Applications of Green Chemistry in Industries.
  • Semiconductors: 5.7. Definition and Properties of Semiconductors.
  • 5.8. Types/Classification of Semiconductors: 1. Elemental Semiconductors: Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic Semiconductors (n-type extrinsic semiconductors, p-type extrinsic semiconductors). 2. Non-elemental/Compound Semiconductors: Inorganic semiconductors, Organic semiconductors and Semiconducting Organic Polymers.

About this course

Industrial Chemistry deals with the transformation of raw materials into required products that are beneficial to humanity using physical and chemical processes and fundamental principles of chemistry. In chemical industries, during processes various organic compounds are used. The knowledge of physical and chemical properties of these compounds helps the diploma engineers how to use and control processes effectively. Therefore, for a diploma engineer, the skills and fundamental information related to industrial chemistry are essential for understanding the parameters which control chemical processes such as Halogenation, Oxidation, Isomerisation, Nitration, Pyrolysis, Hydrogenation, Hydrohalogenation, Ozonolysis, Polymerization, Sulphonation, Alkylation, Acetylation, Esterification, Dehydration, Phase rule, Adsorption, etc. Production of synthetic materials like fertilizers, pesticides, dyes, drugs, plastics, cosmetics, etc. used by human beings is harmful to living beings and pollutes environment. For this, presently, scientists are trying to develop methods to produce environmentally favourable chemical synthesis by Green Chemistry and judicious use of them. India is a rising player in the global semiconductor industry and will explore to grow semiconductor ecosystem. There will be a futuristic development of a sustainable semiconductor in industries.