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DI03000031 · Semester 3 · 5G scheme

Relational Database Management System

Notes and solutions following the Gujarat Technological University (GTU) syllabus for DI03000031. Independent material — not issued by the university.

Computer EngineeringComputer Science & EngineeringCyber System & Information Security

Materials

Syllabus

The official syllabus this material follows.

  • Syllabus

    8 pages

    FreeRead

Complete Book

The whole syllabus, unit by unit, written for the exam.

Slides

Lecture slides for revision.

Past Papers

Original question papers from previous exams.

  • Summer 2026 question paper

    4 pages

    FreeRead

  • Winter 2025 question paper

    4 pages

    FreeRead

PYQ Solutions

Past university papers, fully solved.

  • Solved past papers — detailed answers

    39 pages · English + ગુજરાતી

    Premium Preview · 3 pages

Syllabus units

Unit 1: Introduction to Database System and SQL commands
  • Concepts and Definitions: Data and Information: Definition, differences between data and information, Data Elements: Data items (fields), records, files, and metadata, Data Dictionary: Definition, components, and significance, Database Concepts: Definition, characteristics, and importance of databases, Database Systems and Environment: Components, architecture, and functions, Schemas and Instances: Concepts of schemas, sub- schemas, and instances in a database system
  • Data Types: Overview of SQL data types: Numeric, Character, Date/Time
  • SQL Commands: DDL (Data Definition Language): Create Database, Create Table, Alter Table, Drop Table, Truncate Table
  • DML (Data Manipulation Language): Insert, Select, Update, Delete
  • DQL (Data Query Language): SELECT statement with WHERE clause, SELECT DISTINCT statement
  • DCL (Data Control Language): Creating Users & Roles, GRANT, REVOKE commands
  • TCL (Transaction Control Language): Introduction to Transactions, ACID properties, Commit, Rollback, Savepoint
  • Problem Solving practice on the above concepts
Unit 2: SQL In-Built Functions and Joins
  • Operators: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Special Operators: IN, ANY, ALL, BETWEEN, EXISTS, LIKE, Use of System table/DUAL table
  • SQL Functions: Single Row Functions: Numeric Functions: ABS, POWER, MOD, ROUND, TRUNC, SQRT, Character Functions: INITCAP, LOWER, UPPER, LTRIM, RTRIM, REPLACE, SUBSTR, INSTR, Date Functions: ADD_MONTHS, MONTHS_BETWEEN, ROUND, TRUNC, Conversion Functions: TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER
  • Aggregate Functions : SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN
  • SQL Clauses: GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY
  • Joins: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN, CROSS JOIN, SELF JOIN
  • Subquery: Nested Queries, Correlated Subqueries
  • Set Operators: MINUS, INTERSECT, UNION, UNION ALL
  • Problem Solving practice on the above concepts
Unit 3: Normalization
  • Basics of Normalization: Definition and Importance
  • Normal Forms: First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), Third Normal Form (3NF)
  • Advantages and disadvantages of Normalization
  • Problem Solving practice on the above concepts
Unit 4: Database Integrity Constraints & Objects
  • Integrity Constraints: Domain Integrity Constraints: NOT NULL, CHECK, Entity Integrity Constraints: UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, Referential Integrity Constraints: FOREIGN KEY, REFERENCES, ON DELETE CASCADE
  • Database Objects: Views: CREATE VIEW, ALTER VIEW, DROP VIEW, Synonyms: CREATE SYNONYM, DROP SYNONYM, Sequences: CREATE SEQUENCE, ALTER SEQUENCE, DROP SEQUENCE, Indexes: CREATE INDEX (UNIQUE, COMPOSITE), DROP INDEX
  • Problem Solving practice on the above concepts
Unit 5: PL/SQL and Triggers
  • Fundamentals of PL/SQL: Basics of PL/SQL, Data Types: %TYPE and %ROWTYPE, Advantages of PL/SQL over SQL
  • Control Structures: Conditional, Iterative, and Sequential Statements
  • Cursors: Static Cursors: Implicit & Explicit
  • Procedures and Functions: Creating and Executing Stored Procedures and Functions
  • Triggers: Fundamentals of Triggers, Types of Triggers: BEFORE, AFTER, FOR EACH ROW, FOR EACH STATEMENT
  • Problem Solving practice on the above concepts

About this course

The aim of this course is to get broad understanding of the basic concepts of database management system used for business, scientific and engineering application which stored centralized. The students will develop the skills to develop manage & retrieve data from different perspective using Structured Query Language (SQL) in ORACLE (centralized storage) so there is no need of storing data in files and paper. This will turn reduce of paper wastage. By the end of this course the students will be able to write simple and advanced PL/SQL code blocks, use advanced features such as cursors and bulk fetches and database designing with normalization. Hence students will be able to design database which will be helpful to them in the designing phase of project in the upcoming semester.