DI05000201 · Semester 5 · 5G scheme
Embedded & IoT Systems
Notes and solutions following the Gujarat Technological University (GTU) syllabus for DI05000201. Independent material — not issued by the university.
Electrical EngineeringRenewable Energy
Materials
Complete Book
The whole syllabus, unit by unit, written for the exam.
Complete Book
45 pages
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Syllabus units
Unit 1: Introduction to Raspberry Pi
- 1.1 Introduction toRaspberry PiArchitecture: Difference between Single Board Computers (SBCs) and microcontroller; Why Raspberry Pi for IoT; Overview of Raspberry Pi models (3B+, 4B, 5); Hardware specifications (CPU, RAM, USB, HDMI, Ethernet, GPIO)
- 1.2 Hardware Architecture and GPIO Pinout: Block diagram of Raspberry Pi; 40-pin GPIO layout; Digital I/O, PWM, I2C, SPI, UART pins; Safe voltage levels (3.3 V logic); LED and relay interfacing basics
- 1.3 Operating System Setup and Linux Basics: Installing Raspberry Pi OS (Raspbian) using Raspberry Pi Imager; Headless setup (SSH, VNC); Essential Linux terminal commands (ls, cd, mkdir, nano, apt, sudo, reboot); File management andRunning scripts at startup
- 1.4 Python Programming for Hardware Control: Python basics - variables, data types, loops, functions, libraries; RPi.GPIO library for digital I/O; Reading sensors (DHT11 temperature/humidity); Controlling output devices (LEDs, buzzers, relays); Thonny IDE usage
- 1.5 Communication Interfaces and Data Logging: I2C protocol, SPI protocol and UART communication; Logging sensor data to CSV files;
Unit 2: Introduction to ESP32
- 2.1 Introduction to ESP32 Architecture: ESP32 vs Arduino UNO vs Raspberry Pi; ESP32 Pinouts and Peripherals; Power consumption and battery-operation suitability
- 2.2 Development Environment and Programming: Setting up Arduino IDE for ESP32; Installing ESP32 board package; Uploading and testing code; Introduction to MicroPython on ESP32 using Thonny; Basic programs - digital output, PWM, analog read; Serial Monitor for debugging
- 2.3 Sensor Interfacing with ESP32: Interfacing DHT11 / DHT22 (temperature, humidity); LDR (light sensor); Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for distance; MQ-2 gas/smoke sensor; Pulse sensor for heart rate; GPS module (Neo-6M) for location data; Displaying readings on OLED/LCD
- 2.4 Wi-Fi Connectivity and IoT Communication Protocols: Station mode and Access Point mode; Connecting ESP32 to Wi-Fi network; HTTP GET/POST requests to cloud platforms; Sending sensor data to ThingSpeak / Blynk IoT
- 2.5 ESP32 Web Server: Creating a local web server on ESP32; Controlling GPIOs via browser; Real-time sensor data display on web page
Unit 3: Embedded IoT Applications
- 3.1 Home Automation System: What is home automation and why it is useful; Block diagram of a simple home automation system (ESP32 as controller, relay as switch, appliance as load); Introduction to Blynk IoT app - adding buttons and sliders to control devices from mobile; Practical demonstration of switching two appliances ON/OFF from a mobile app
- 3.2 Wearable Health Monitoring Device: What is a wearable device and its use in health monitoring; Sensors used: MAX30102 (heart rate and SpO2) and DHT11 (temperature); Understanding the output - what is a normal vs. abnormal reading; Simple threshold alert: if heart rate is too high, light up a red LED
- 3.3 GPS-Based Location Tracking System: What is GPS and how it works (satellites, signals, location fix); GPS module Neo-6M - connecting to ESP32 via UART (Tx, Rx, VCC, GND); Reading latitude and longitude from Serial Monitor using TinyGPS++ library; Understanding the output data - what latitude and longitude mean; Entering coordinates manually on Google Maps to verify the location; Use cases: school bus tracking, vehicle location, farm equipment monitoring
- 3.4 Real-Time Data Collection and Dashboard: Concept of a data dashboard - seeing live sensor values in one place; Introduction to Node-RED on Raspberry Pi - drag-and-drop visual programming; Adding an MQTT input node and a gauge/chart widget in Node-RED to display sensor data; Setting up a simple alert: when temperature crosses a set value light up Red LED
About this course
The rapid convergence of embedded computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming every sector of the electrical industry - from smart homes and wearable health monitors to GPS-based asset tracking and real-time industrial dashboards. This subject is designed to equip students with practical, job-ready skills in two industry-relevant platforms: the Raspberry Pi (a Linux-based Single Board Computer ideal for edge processing and dashboards) and the ESP32 (a powerful Wi-Fi/Bluetooth microcontroller ideal for low-cost IoT nodes).